Accountancy
Accountancy (profession) or accounting (methodology) is the measurement,
disclosure or provision of assurance about financial information primarily
used by managers, investors, tax authorities and other decision makers to
make resource allocation decisions within companies, organizations, and
public agencies. The terms derive from the use of financial accounts.
Accounting is the discipline of measuring, communicating and interpreting
financial activity. Accounting is also widely referred to as the "language
of business".[1]
Financial accounting is one branch of accounting and historically has
involved processes by which financial information about a business is
recorded, classified, summarized, interpreted, and communicated; for public
companies, this information is generally publicly-accessible. By contrast
management accounting information is used within an organization and is
usually confidential and accessible only to a small group, mostly
decision-makers. Tax Accounting is the accounting needed to comply with
jurisdictional tax regulations.
Practitioners of accountancy are known as accountants. There are many
professional bodies for accountants throughout the world. Many allow their
members to use titles indicating their membership or qualification level.
Examples are Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA), Chartered
Accountant (FCA, CA or ACA), Management Accountant (ACMA, FCMA or AICWA),
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and Certified General Accountant (CGA).
Auditing is a related but separate discipline, with two sub-disciplines:
internal auditing and external auditing. External auditing is the process
whereby an independent auditor examines an organization's financial
statements and accounting records in order to express an opinion as to the
truth and fairness of the statements and the accountant's adherence to
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), or International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS), in all material respects. Internal auditing aims
at providing information for management usage, and is typically carried out
by auditors employed by the company, and sometimes by external service
providers.
Accounting/accountancy attempts to create accurate financial reports that
are useful to managers, regulators, and other stakeholders such as
shareholders, creditors, or owners. The day-to-day record-keeping involved
in this process is known as bookkeeping.
Accounting scholarship is the academic discipline which studies
accounting/accountancy.
From:
Wikipedia
Kembali ke halaman muka Jaringan Usaha Kecil Indonesia Online
ACCOUNTANCY